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Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 5

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
Historically,psychologists have conceptualized personality in different ways.Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic approach regards personality as formed by needs,strivings,and desires operating largely outside of awareness in the dynamic unconsciousness.According to Freud,personality characteristics develop early in life,are fairly rigid,and describe behavior in a variety of situations.Like Freud,trait theorists such as Gordon Allport viewed traits as stable predispositions to behave in a variety of contexts.Unlike Freud,they did not believe that these traits were the products of unconscious desires.Humanists,such as Abraham Maslow,viewed individual personality differences as arising from the ways in which the environment facilitates or blocks the innate human tendency to reach our own potential.Behaviorists,such as B.F.Skinner,denied the existence of personality as a thing but rather conceptualized it as a mere summary term for a set of reliable behaviors that are reinforced in the presence of similar situations.Different situations,then,might give rise to different behaviors that might be diametrically opposed when labeled in terms of traits.Finally,the social-cognitive approach of Mischel views personality in terms of how people think and respond to the different situations encountered in daily life.In this approach,personality,learning history,and the situation interact to determine behavior,with the power of the situation often trumping the effects of personality.
-(Scenario II) Which psychologist would be MOST likely to agree with the use of projective personality tests to measure personality?

Determine the optimal level of production to maximize profit or meet certain economic criteria.

Apply knowledge of marginal costs and fixed costs to make production and pricing decisions.

Recognize the impact of price elasticity of demand on profit-maximizing output levels.

Understand the role of governmental intervention in markets through taxation or subsidies.

Definitions:

Laspeyres Price Index

A price index used to measure the change in the cost of purchasing a fixed basket of goods and services of the type consumed during a base period.

Prices Increase

A situation where the cost of goods and services rises over a period, reducing purchasing power.

Income

refers to money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments.

Pizza

A popular dish of Italian origin, consisting of a round, flattened base of leavened wheat-based dough topped with tomatoes, cheese, and various other ingredients, baked at a high temperature.