Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 2

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
For centuries,people have made the observation that intelligence seems to run in families.In modern times,psychologists have confirmed that,indeed,there is a strong genetic component to intelligence.The degree of the association between genes and intelligence can be quantified using the heritability coefficient (h²) .In a population of diverse individuals differing in age,gender,race,and socioeconomic factors,the heritability of intelligence is approximately .5 to .7.This means that about 50-70% of the variability in intelligence scores is associated with genetic factors.Interestingly,the heritability coefficient changes depending on the group under investigation.For example,among wealthy children,the heritability coefficient exceeds .7 because the environments of these children are highly homogeneous.Among poor children,it drops to about .1.The heritability coefficient also tends to increase with the age of the population under investigation.For example,the heritability coefficient is approximately .3 in 3-year-olds and approximately .9 in 65-year-olds.
-(Scenario II) While all of these facts are true,the heritability coefficient of intelligence tends to increase with age MOSTLY because:

• A)the least intelligent people are being left out of the mating game.
• B)intelligence is associated with a variety factors positively correlated with quality of life,and these in turn are associated with an increased probability of survival.
• C)at the population level,intelligence tends to increase over time.
• D)older adults tend to have experienced more environmental similarities than younger adults or children.

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Definitions:

Variable Ratio Schedule

A type of operant conditioning reinforcement schedule in which a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.

Reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, a consequence applied to an organism's environment that causes an increase in the likelihood of a repeat of the preceding behavior.

Rewards

Benefits, compensation, or other forms of acknowledgment provided to individuals or organizations as recognition of their accomplishments or desired behavior.

Schedule of Reinforcement

A schedule of reinforcement is the pattern and timing of rewards or punishments that influence the learning and behavior of individuals.