Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 2

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
The following model of emotion is based on the following work:
LeDoux,J.E.(2000) .Emotion circuits in the brain.Annual Review of Neuroscience,23,155-184.
The psychologist Joseph LeDoux tracked the neural mechanisms underlying the fear response in rats.Rats were exposed to the sound of a tone followed by an electric shock.After a few tone-shock pairings,the tone elicited species-typical defense behaviors such as freezing and increased sympathetic activity (e.g. ,an increase in heart rate) .Using this fear-conditioning paradigm,LeDoux argued for the existence of both fast and slow neural pathways underlying the fear response.A particular brain structure (arbitrary labeled "A") simultaneously routes sensory information to structures B and C.In the fast pathway,information is routed to structure C-a limbic structure long known to be involved in emotional experiences such as fear-where it is rapidly assessed.If appraised as a threat,structure C activates the fear response.In the slow pathway,information travels to other structures in the brain (labeled "B") involved in planning and more advanced decision making.The results of the appraisal by structure B is used by structure C to continue or terminate the fear response.
-(Scenario II) Which definition of a learned fear response is operational?

• A)the A-B-C pathway with the structures correctly identified
• B)ten pairings of the tone and shock,with a 5-milliamp shock occurring 1 second after each tone presentation
• C)an increase in heart rate elicited by the tone alone as measured by an implantable telemetry device
• D)freezing behavior that occurs after the shock,as measured by locomotor counts in the pressure-sensitive floor of a testing apparatus

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Definitions:

Maslow

Refers to Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory in psychology proposing that certain human needs must be fulfilled before others.

Rogers

Refers to Carl Rogers, an influential American psychologist who founded the client-centered therapy approach and greatly contributed to humanistic psychology.

Accepting Attitude

a nonjudgmental and open reception of differences, emotions, conditions, or realities of others.

Self-Actualizing Tendencies

Self-actualizing tendencies refer to the inherent drive within individuals to realize and fulfill their own potential and capabilities.