Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 8

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
The following model of emotion is based on the following work:
LeDoux,J.E.(2000) .Emotion circuits in the brain.Annual Review of Neuroscience,23,155-184.
The psychologist Joseph LeDoux tracked the neural mechanisms underlying the fear response in rats.Rats were exposed to the sound of a tone followed by an electric shock.After a few tone-shock pairings,the tone elicited species-typical defense behaviors such as freezing and increased sympathetic activity (e.g. ,an increase in heart rate) .Using this fear-conditioning paradigm,LeDoux argued for the existence of both fast and slow neural pathways underlying the fear response.A particular brain structure (arbitrary labeled "A") simultaneously routes sensory information to structures B and C.In the fast pathway,information is routed to structure C-a limbic structure long known to be involved in emotional experiences such as fear-where it is rapidly assessed.If appraised as a threat,structure C activates the fear response.In the slow pathway,information travels to other structures in the brain (labeled "B") involved in planning and more advanced decision making.The results of the appraisal by structure B is used by structure C to continue or terminate the fear response.
-(Scenario II) Brain structure A corresponds to the:

• A)cerebellum.
• B)thalamus.
• C)hypothalamus.
• D)corpus callosum.

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Definitions:

Recessive

A genetic trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present, not seen when a dominant gene is present.

Phenotypic Ratio

The proportion of different phenotypes observed in the offspring of a particular genetic cross.

Guinea Pigs

Small rodents often used as pets or in research as model organisms for biological studies.

Heterozygous

A genetic condition where an individual has two different alleles of a gene, one inherited from each parent, leading to variation in genetic expression.