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question 6

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
The following model of emotion is based on the following work:
LeDoux,J.E.(2000) .Emotion circuits in the brain.Annual Review of Neuroscience,23,155-184.
The psychologist Joseph LeDoux tracked the neural mechanisms underlying the fear response in rats.Rats were exposed to the sound of a tone followed by an electric shock.After a few tone-shock pairings,the tone elicited species-typical defense behaviors such as freezing and increased sympathetic activity (e.g. ,an increase in heart rate) .Using this fear-conditioning paradigm,LeDoux argued for the existence of both fast and slow neural pathways underlying the fear response.A particular brain structure (arbitrary labeled "A") simultaneously routes sensory information to structures B and C.In the fast pathway,information is routed to structure C-a limbic structure long known to be involved in emotional experiences such as fear-where it is rapidly assessed.If appraised as a threat,structure C activates the fear response.In the slow pathway,information travels to other structures in the brain (labeled "B") involved in planning and more advanced decision making.The results of the appraisal by structure B is used by structure C to continue or terminate the fear response.
-(Scenario II) Brain structure B corresponds to the:

Definitions:

Sleep/Wake Cycle

The circadian rhythm regulating periods of sleep and wakefulness over a 24-hour cycle, influenced by environmental light-dark cycles and internal biological clocks.

Reticular Formation

A complex network of interconnected neurons located throughout the brainstem, essential for regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions.

Basal Nuclei

Clusters of neurons located deep within the cerebral hemispheres involved in controlling movement and coordination.

Inferior Colliculi

A part of the midbrain involved in auditory processing and plays a critical role in sound localization.