Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 11

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario II
The following model of emotion is based on the following work:
LeDoux,J.E.(2000) .Emotion circuits in the brain.Annual Review of Neuroscience,23,155-184.
The psychologist Joseph LeDoux tracked the neural mechanisms underlying the fear response in rats.Rats were exposed to the sound of a tone followed by an electric shock.After a few tone-shock pairings,the tone elicited species-typical defense behaviors such as freezing and increased sympathetic activity (e.g. ,an increase in heart rate) .Using this fear-conditioning paradigm,LeDoux argued for the existence of both fast and slow neural pathways underlying the fear response.A particular brain structure (arbitrary labeled "A") simultaneously routes sensory information to structures B and C.In the fast pathway,information is routed to structure C-a limbic structure long known to be involved in emotional experiences such as fear-where it is rapidly assessed.If appraised as a threat,structure C activates the fear response.In the slow pathway,information travels to other structures in the brain (labeled "B") involved in planning and more advanced decision making.The results of the appraisal by structure B is used by structure C to continue or terminate the fear response.
-(Scenario II) Damage to the slow pathway may result in an inability:

• A)for dangerous stimuli to elicit a fear response.
• B)for innocuous stimuli to elicit a fear response (i.e. ,a false alarm).
• C)to make split-second distinctions between dangerous and innocuous stimuli.
• D)to curtail a fear response once it is initiated.

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Definitions:

Emerging Adulthood

A phase of the life span between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood which encompasses late teens through early twenties, characterized by exploration and instability.

Lifespan Development

The study of how human beings grow and change from infancy through old age, taking into account both biological and environmental influences.

Cultural Expectations

Shared beliefs or norms within a society about how people should behave.

Fundamentally Affected

Deeply or profoundly impacted or changed, often in a way that alters something's or someone's nature or function.