Tolman Trained Rats to Run Down a Straightaway and Subsequently

question 220

Multiple Choice

Tolman trained rats to run down a straightaway and subsequently make several turns until finally reaching a goal box baited with food.After the rats learned this task,the maze was altered.The main straightaway was blocked.However,there were many alternate paths radiating in all directions from the start box.The goal box remained in the same location relative to the start box,and one of the alternate paths led directly to it.Tolman found that rats:

• A)selected the path that led directly to the goal box,even though they had never traversed this route before.
• B)spent an inordinate amount of time clawing at the blocked main straightaway.
• C)demonstrated generalization and selected the path closest to the main straightaway.
• D)explored each path systematically,either from right to left or from left to right.

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Definitions:

Complete Proposition

A statement or assertion that conveys a complete thought or idea, typically containing a subject and predicate that make a declarative statement.

Shading

The act of adding gradations of darkness or color to an artwork to indicate shadow or depth.

Existential Import

The assumption within a proposition that something exists.

Square of Opposition

A diagram representing the logical relationships between certain types of propositions in classical logic.