Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 11

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Scenario I is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study:
Merikle,P.M. ,& Skanes,H.E.(1992) .Subliminal self-help audiotapes: A search for placebo effects.Journal of Applied Psychology,77(5) ,772-776.doi:10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.772
Merikle and Skanes (1992) investigated the effectiveness of subliminal self-help audiotapes to promote weight loss in overweight females seeking to lose weight.Participants were randomly assigned to groups.Participants in two groups were instructed to listen to audiotapes containing subliminal messages associated with weight loss daily.Group 1 (the subliminal group) actually received these tapes.Group 2 (the placebo group) received tapes containing subliminal messages associated with relieving dental anxiety.Finally,a third group of participants was not given audiotapes and was told that they were on a waiting list to participate in the study.All participants-including the participants on the waiting list-were weighed weekly for 5 weeks.The average total weight loss (and standard deviations) for the three groups after the fifth week is presented in Figure 5.1.
Figure 5.1
-(Scenario I) If weight loss were due to simply a placebo effect,then:

• A)participants in the placebo group should lose more weight than should those in the subliminal group.
• B)only those participants in the placebo group should lose weight.
• C)participants in the subliminal and placebo groups should lose more weight than should those on the waiting list.
• D)there must be no difference in weight loss between the subliminal and waiting-list groups.

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Definitions:

Grapevine Network

Grapevine network signifies informal and unofficial channels of communication within an organization, often spreading rumors or unofficial information.

Formal Groups

Organized groups with defined structures and roles, typically formed within institutions or businesses for specific purposes.

Formalizing

The process of establishing official procedures or systems, often within organizational or legal contexts.

Group Development

A process by which a group of individuals with a common purpose evolves into a cohesive unit with defined roles and norms.