Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 2

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study:
Caspi,A. ,Sugden,K. ,Moffitt,T.E. ,Taylor,A. ,Craig,I.W. ,Harrington,H. ,McClay,J. ,Mill,J. ,Martin,J. ,Braithwaite,A. ,and Poulton,R.(2003) .Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene.Science,301(5631) ,386-389.
The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter,a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron.Several polymorphisms of the gene exist,including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation.As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent,people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene) ,s/l,and l/l.Caspi et al.(2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives.Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1
-(Scenario I) Under conditions of low stress:

• A)persons in the s/s group were more likely to experience a depressive episode than the other two groups.
• B)persons in the l/l group seem to have been protected from experiencing a depressive episode relative to the other groups.
• C)none of the groups experienced depressive episodes.
• D)depressive episodes were unrelated to genetic group.

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Definitions:

Logistic Regression Model

A statistical method used for analyzing a dataset in which there are one or more independent variables that determine an outcome. The outcome is measured with a dichotomous variable (where there are only two possible outcomes).

Indicator Variable

A variable, usually binary, used to represent the presence or absence of a categorical effect in regression models.

Groceries

Consumer goods, especially food and household items, sold by a grocer.

Log Odds

The logarithm of the odds ratio, used in logistic regression to describe the relationship between a binary dependent variable and one or more independent variables.