Roger Wants to Study Whether the Level of Personal Income

question 23

Multiple Choice

Roger wants to study whether the level of personal income predicts happiness.He operationally defines income as "the gross amount of money a person earns in a calendar year." He operationally defines happiness as "the ability of that person to stand on one leg for longer than 3 minutes." What is glaringly wrong with Roger's study?

• A)It lacks validity;income can be measured,but happiness cannot.
• B)It lacks reliability;the operational definitions of the properties under study produce inconsistent measurements.
• C)It lacks validity;the operational definition of happiness is unrelated to the underlying property of happiness.
• D)It lacks reliability;it is difficult to precisely measure both income and happiness.

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Definitions:

Confidence Interval

A range of values, derived from the sample data, that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter, with a specified level of confidence.

Sample Size

The number of individuals or observations included in a sample, which affects the precision and reliability of statistical analyses.

Right Skewed

Describes a distribution of data where the tail on the right side of the distribution is longer or fatter than the left side, indicating a majority of the data is concentrated on the left.

Sampling Distribution

The probability distribution of a statistic based on repeated sampling from the same population, used to understand the statistic's properties.