Suppose Sandra Has Difficulty in Concentrating While Doing Her Homework

question 100

Multiple Choice

Suppose Sandra has difficulty in concentrating while doing her homework. She decides to reward herself for reading 5 minutes without letting her mind wander. After a week of this, she decides to reward herself only when she reads for 10 minutes without distraction. Finally, she is able to concentrate for 15 minutes at a time without distraction. Sandra's ability to improve her study behavior is best considered an example of:

• A) shaping
• B) classical conditioning
• C) habituation
• D) punishment

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Definitions:

Developmental Trends

Patterns and sequences of development observed over time, which can include physical, cognitive, and social changes.

Causality

The relationship between cause and effect, where one event (the cause) is understood to lead to another event (the effect) as a result.

Longitudinal Studies

Research designed to observe the same subjects over a period of time, allowing for the study of changes and developments.

Cross-Sectional Studies

Research designs in which subjects of different ages are studied at one point in time.