In Considering the Actions of World Leaders, the Data from the Longitudinal

question 15

Multiple Choice

In considering the actions of world leaders, the data from the longitudinal study of Harvard graduates would suggest that the decisions made past the age of 50 are more likely to be characterized by______________ than before.

• A) altruism
• B) aggression
• C) avoidance
• D) fear

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Definitions:

Instrumental Aggression

Aggression motivated by achieving a goal, rather than by anger or the desire to dominate.

Freudian Theory

A psychological framework developed by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious motivations and conflicts as driving human behavior and personality development.

Life-giving Instinct

An innate or natural drive in living beings to reproduce or engage in behaviors that sustain life or promote well-being and survival.

Thanatos

In psychoanalytic theory, it represents the death drive, postulated by Freud as a basic human instinct oriented toward self-destruction and destructiveness.