One Cannot Infer Cause and Effect from the Natural Correlation

question 128

Multiple Choice

One cannot infer cause and effect from the natural correlation between viewing violence and aggression due to the _____; however, this topic was studied experimentally by _____ with children who observed aggressive adult models.

• A)third-variable problem; Watson
• B)third-variable problem; Bandura
• C)directionality of causality problem; Kohler
• D)directionality of causality problem; Piaget

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Definitions:

Entity Theorists

Individuals who believe that personal attributes like intelligence or personality are fixed and unchangeable.

Incremental Theorists

Individuals who believe that personal attributes and abilities can be developed or improved through effort and perseverance.

Delaying Gratification

The capacity to withstand the allure of an instant gratification in favor of receiving a reward at a later time.

Temporal Discounting

The tendency to devalue rewards and consequences that happen in the future in favor of immediate gratifications.