Scenario I The Following Scenario Presents Fabricated Data Consistent with the Results

question 4

Multiple Choice

Scenario I
The following scenario presents fabricated data consistent with the results of the following study:
Gilbertson, M. W., Shenton, M. E., Ciszewski, A., Kasai, K., Lasko, N .B., Orr, S. P., & Pitman, R. K. (2002) . Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 1242-1247.
Persons who live through a traumatic experience may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) . PTSD is characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images, and avoidance of things that bring the trauma to mind, with symptoms persisting for more than one month. Persons with PTSD also are at risk for other psychological disorders, with substance abuse disorder being a common comorbid diagnosis. In the last two decades, a number of studies have demonstrated that persons with PTSD have smaller hippocampi than controls. This may result from the neurotoxic effects of stress hormones examined the hippocampal volume of combat veterans with and without PTSD who each had an identical twin who never served in the military. Fabricated results consistent with this study are shown in Figure 15.1.
Figure 15.1
-(Scenario I) Which of these BEST distinguishes PTSD from a normal reaction to a traumatic event?

• A)the release of stress hormones triggered by the trauma
• B)recurrent unwanted thoughts about the trauma
• C)exaggerated anxiety when reminded of the trauma
• D)symptom-related distress that does not lessen with time

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Definitions:

Pro Forma Income Statement

A financial statement that projects the future income and expenses of a company, often used for forecasting or budgeting purposes.

Common-Size Statement

A standardized financial statement presenting all items in percentage terms. Statement of financial position is shown as a percentage of assets and income statement as a percentage of sales.

Sustainable Growth Rate

The maximum rate at which a company can grow its earnings, dividends, and sales without having to increase its equity or take on new debt.

External Financing

Funds raised from sources outside of the company, such as loans, investors, or grants, to support business activities.