Scenario I Thousands of Words Exist in Our Language to Describe Aspects

question 10

Multiple Choice

Scenario I
Thousands of words exist in our language to describe aspects of personality. In a search for fundamental traits, psychologists have used statistical techniques such as factor analysis to identify the core dimensions underlying the structure of personality. Over the years, different analyses have yielded different results. Cattell (1950) proposed a model of personality based on 16 unique factors. Eysenck (1967) argued that the thousands of specific behavioral tendencies often attributed to personality can be adequately described by just two dimensions. One dimension (extraversion) ranges from introversion (low scores on this dimension) to extraversion (high scores) and the other (neuroticism) ranges from emotionally stable (low scores) to emotionally unstable (high scores) . Today, the most commonly accepted model of personality-the Big Five-posits the existence of five unique dimensions of personality: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (McCrae & Costa, 1999) . Consistent with Eysenck's model, each dimension reflects a range of behavioral tendencies. For example, agreeableness might range from helpful to uncooperative. Someone low in conscientiousness probably will miss deadlines for work assignments, and persons who never travel from their home towns will score low on openness to experience. Research has shown that these five dimensions of personality appear in all cultures and age groups.
-(Scenario I) Research demonstrating that the Big Five personality dimensions appear in all cultures and age groups suggest that these dimensions:

• A)cause most instances of social behavior.
• B)are artifacts of similarities in language and labeling.
• C)are learned behaviors shaped by common environments.
• D)have a biological basis.

---

Definitions:

U.K.

The United Kingdom, a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe, comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Open Economy

An economy that interacts freely with other economies around the world.

Loanable Funds

The market where savers supply funds to borrowers, typically through financial intermediaries, affecting interest rates and economic activity.

National Saving

The total amount of savings in a country, equal to the sum of private and public savings.