Scenario I Thousands of Words Exist in Our Language to Describe Aspects

question 10

Multiple Choice

Scenario I
Thousands of words exist in our language to describe aspects of personality. In a search for fundamental traits, psychologists have used statistical techniques such as factor analysis to identify the core dimensions underlying the structure of personality. Over the years, different analyses have yielded different results. Cattell (1950) proposed a model of personality based on 16 unique factors. Eysenck (1967) argued that the thousands of specific behavioral tendencies often attributed to personality can be adequately described by just two dimensions. One dimension (extraversion) ranges from introversion (low scores on this dimension) to extraversion (high scores) and the other (neuroticism) ranges from emotionally stable (low scores) to emotionally unstable (high scores) . Today, the most commonly accepted model of personality-the Big Five-posits the existence of five unique dimensions of personality: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (McCrae & Costa, 1999) . Consistent with Eysenck's model, each dimension reflects a range of behavioral tendencies. For example, agreeableness might range from helpful to uncooperative. Someone low in conscientiousness probably will miss deadlines for work assignments, and persons who never travel from their home towns will score low on openness to experience. Research has shown that these five dimensions of personality appear in all cultures and age groups.
-(Scenario I) Research demonstrating that the Big Five personality dimensions appear in all cultures and age groups suggest that these dimensions:

• A)cause most instances of social behavior.
• B)are artifacts of similarities in language and labeling.
• C)are learned behaviors shaped by common environments.
• D)have a biological basis.

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Definitions:

Neuron

The fundamental unit of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals.

Nervous System

The complex network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body, overseeing both voluntary actions and involuntary responses.

Axon

A nerve fiber that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body, facilitating communication with other neurons or muscles.

Myelin Sheath

A fatty layer that surrounds nerve fibers, aiding in the rapid transmission of electrical signals.