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Scenario II Historically, Psychologists Have Conceptualized Personality in Different Ways. Sigmund Freud's

question 12

Multiple Choice

Scenario II
Historically, psychologists have conceptualized personality in different ways. Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic approach regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires operating largely outside of awareness in the dynamic unconsciousness. According to Freud, personality characteristics develop early in life, are fairly rigid, and describe behavior in a variety of situations. Like Freud, trait theorists such as Gordon Allport viewed traits as stable predispositions to behave in a variety of contexts. Unlike Freud, they did not believe that these traits were the products of unconscious desires. Humanists, such as Abraham Maslow, viewed individual personality differences as arising from the ways in which the environment facilitates or blocks the innate human tendency to reach our own potential. Behaviorists, such as B. F. Skinner, denied the existence of personality as a thing but rather conceptualized it as a mere summary term for a set of reliable behaviors that are reinforced in the presence of similar situations. Different situations, then, might give rise to different behaviors that might be diametrically opposed when labeled in terms of traits. Finally, the social-cognitive approach of Mischel views personality in terms of how people think and respond to the different situations encountered in daily life. In this approach, personality, learning history, and the situation interact to determine behavior, with the power of the situation often trumping the effects of personality.
-(Scenario II) . Csikszentmihalyi (1990) argued that environments that are challenging enough to avoid boredom but manageable enough to not provoke anxiety creates an experience of psychological flow that maximizes personality development. This view best represents a _____ approach.

Definitions:

Predictor

A variable or factor that can be used to forecast or anticipate the outcome of a future event.

Gender

A social construct that encompasses a range of identities, behaviors, roles, and attributes that societies consider appropriate for men, women, and gender-diverse individuals.

Problem Discussion

A process or method used to identify, analyze, and solve issues through structured dialogue and critical thinking.

Attachment Style

describes the pattern of behaviors in relationships that are influenced by an individual's history of attachment experiences.