Scenario II The Following Model of Emotion Is Based on the Following

question 6

Multiple Choice

Scenario II
The following model of emotion is based on the following work:
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) . Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 155-184.
Psychologist Joseph LeDoux tracked the neural mechanisms underlying the fear response in rats. Rats were exposed to the sound of a tone followed by an electric shock. After a few tone-shock pairings, the tone elicited species-typical defense behaviors such as freezing and increased sympathetic activity (e.g., an increase in heart rate) . Using this fear-conditioning paradigm, LeDoux argued for the existence of both fast and slow neural pathways underlying the fear response. A particular brain structure (arbitrary labeled "A") simultaneously routes sensory information to structures "B" and "C." In the fast pathway, information is routed to structure "C"-a limbic structure long known to be involved in emotional experiences such as fear-where it is rapidly assessed. If appraised as a threat, structure "C" activates the fear response. In the slow pathway, information travels to other structures in the brain (labeled "B") involved in planning and more advanced decision-making. The results of the appraisal by structure "B" is used by structure "C" to continue or terminate the fear response.
-(Scenario II) Which of these constitutes an operational definition of a learned fear response?

• A)the A-B-C pathway with the structures correctly identified
• B)ten pairings of the tone and shock, with a 5-milliamp shock occurring 1 second after each tone presentation
• C)an increase in heart rate elicited by the tone alone as measured by an implantable telemetry device
• D)freezing behavior that occurs after the shock, as measured by locomotor counts in the pressure-sensitive floor of a testing apparatus