Scenario II The Following Model of Emotion Is Based on the Following

question 6

Multiple Choice

Scenario II
The following model of emotion is based on the following work:
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) . Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 155-184.
Psychologist Joseph LeDoux tracked the neural mechanisms underlying the fear response in rats. Rats were exposed to the sound of a tone followed by an electric shock. After a few tone-shock pairings, the tone elicited species-typical defense behaviors such as freezing and increased sympathetic activity (e.g., an increase in heart rate) . Using this fear-conditioning paradigm, LeDoux argued for the existence of both fast and slow neural pathways underlying the fear response. A particular brain structure (arbitrary labeled "A") simultaneously routes sensory information to structures "B" and "C." In the fast pathway, information is routed to structure "C"-a limbic structure long known to be involved in emotional experiences such as fear-where it is rapidly assessed. If appraised as a threat, structure "C" activates the fear response. In the slow pathway, information travels to other structures in the brain (labeled "B") involved in planning and more advanced decision-making. The results of the appraisal by structure "B" is used by structure "C" to continue or terminate the fear response.
-(Scenario II) Which of these constitutes an operational definition of a learned fear response?

• A)the A-B-C pathway with the structures correctly identified
• B)ten pairings of the tone and shock, with a 5-milliamp shock occurring 1 second after each tone presentation
• C)an increase in heart rate elicited by the tone alone as measured by an implantable telemetry device
• D)freezing behavior that occurs after the shock, as measured by locomotor counts in the pressure-sensitive floor of a testing apparatus

Calculate and interpret overhead variances including budget, volume, efficiency, and spending variances.

Recognize the implications of underutilizing productive capacity on costs.

Comprehend the relationship between activity levels and total budgeted overhead costs.

Understand the factors causing variances in standard costing, including variable overhead efficiency and fixed overhead volume variances.

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Definitions:

Stroke

An event in the cardiovascular system in which a blood clot or plug of fat blocks an artery and cuts off the blood supply to a particular area of the brain.

Unplanned Pregnancy

An unplanned pregnancy occurs when a woman becomes pregnant without intending to prior to conception, often leading to challenging decisions and adjustments.

Schizophrenia

A chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves, leading to distorted perceptions of reality.

Emotion-focused Coping

A stress management strategy that involves trying to reduce negative emotional responses associated with stress such as embarrassment, fear, anxiety, depression, excitement, and frustration.