Tolman Trained Rats to Run Down a Straightaway and Subsequently

question 220

Multiple Choice

Tolman trained rats to run down a straightaway and subsequently make several turns until finally reaching a goal box baited with food.After the rats learned this task,the maze was altered.The main straightaway was blocked.However,there were many alternate paths radiating in all directions from the start box.The goal box remained in the same location relative to the start box,and one of the alternate paths led directly to it.Tolman found that rats:

• A)selected the path that led directly to the goal box,even though they had never traversed this route before.
• B)spent an inordinate amount of time clawing at the blocked main straightaway.
• C)demonstrated generalization and selected the path closest to the main straightaway.
• D)explored each path systematically,either from right to left or from left to right.

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Definitions:

Psychoactive Drugs

Drugs that act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perception, and change moods.

Dopamine

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior, mood, and the regulation of movement and emotional responses.

Epinephrine

Also known as adrenaline, a hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body's fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, muscular strength, and blood sugar.

Brain's Reward Pathways

Neural pathways in the brain that are activated by reward-related stimuli, playing a key role in the mechanisms of pleasure and reinforcement.