Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 10

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
The following scenario is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study:
Caspi,A. ,Sugden,K. ,Moffitt,T.E. ,Taylor,A. ,Craig,I.W. ,Harrington,H. ,McClay,J. ,Mill,J. ,Martin,J. ,Braithwaite,A. ,and Poulton,R.(2003) .Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene.Science,301(5631) ,386-389.
The serotonin transporter gene codes for the serotonin transporter,a protein that transports serotonin from the synapse to the presynaptic neuron.Several polymorphisms of the gene exist,including a "short" (s) and a "long" (l) variation.As humans receive one copy of the gene from each parent,people can be grouped into three groups based on this genetic variation: s/s (two copies of the short gene) ,s/l,and l/l.Caspi et al.(2003) interviewed participants in each of these groups and asked them a wide range of questions to determine both the degree of exposure to stress and the number of depressive episodes participants had experienced in their lives.Fabricated results consistent with their major findings are shown in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1
-(Scenario I) Variation in the serotonin transporter gene was not predictive of depression:

• A)when life stress was low.
• B)in people with two copies of the same variation.
• C)when life stress was high.
• D)if only the s/s and s/l groups are considered.

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Definitions:

Refractory Stage

A period following an action potential during which a neuron is incapable of firing again.

Exhaustion Stage

The final stage of the stress response, characterized by the body's inability to continue to adapt to stressors, leading to decreased function and possible health breakdown.

Sleep Deprivation

A condition resulting from not obtaining the sufficient amount of sleep, which can negatively affect physical and mental health.

Antidepressant

A class of drugs that help relieve the symptoms of depression by adjusting the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.