A Behavioral Psychologist Tries to Train a Bird to Climb

question 132

Multiple Choice

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit.At first,the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak.After a while,it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb.Eventually,the bird flies up to the piece of fruit,even though that prevents it from getting the fruit.According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints,the bird is demonstrating ________.

• A)response generalization
• B)that it was reverting to behavior that was instinctual for it
• C)the power of negative reinforcement
• D)the Law of Effect

Explain the process and significance of gene duplication in evolutionary biology.

Describe the principle of parallel evolution with examples.

Recognize the role of cis-regulatory elements in morphological adaptation.

Comprehend major hypotheses on the evolution of complex structures, such as the vertebrate eye.

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Definitions:

Peanut Butter

Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground, dry-roasted peanuts, often mixed with ingredients like salt, sweeteners, or emulsifiers.

Traditional Masculinity

A set of cultural norms and expectations that define what is considered to be masculine behavior and roles, often emphasizing strength, stoicism, and leadership.

Vulnerability

Is a state of being open to harm, damage, or attack, which can be physical, emotional, economic, or cyber in nature.

Third-Wave Feminist

A phase of feminism that began in the early 1990s and focuses on individuality, diversity, and the redefinition of what it means to be a feminist.