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In What Ways Might Higher-Order Conditioning Explain Why Some Words

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Essay

In what ways might higher-order conditioning explain why some words trigger emotional responses in us?
(a) Give an example of a positive response that could be formed through higher-order conditioning.
(b) Give an example of a negative response that could be formed through higher-order conditioning.
(c) In what ways might higher-order conditioning contribute to racism and prejudice?


Definitions:

Free Will

The ability of individuals to make choices that are not determined by prior causes or by divine intervention.

Absolute Free Will

The concept that individuals have complete control over their actions and decisions, without any constraints from fate, destiny, or predetermination.

Prosocial Manner

Behaviors that are positive, helpful, and intended to promote social acceptance and friendship.

Free Will

The ability to choose one's actions freely and independently from external constraints or determinism.

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