Researchers Who Are Dubious of Hilgard's and Others' Claims of a "Hidden

question 12

Short Answer

Researchers who are dubious of Hilgard's and others' claims of a "hidden observer" have documented that changing the instructions given to persons make the observer either more or less likely to appear.This has led Nicholas Spanos and others to rename the "hidden observer" the ____.

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Definitions:

Point Estimate

Represents a single value given as the best guess or most likely value of a population parameter based on sample data.

Sampling Error

The difference between a sample statistic used to estimate a population parameter and the actual but unknown value of the parameter.

Population Parameter

A numerical characteristic of a population, such as mean or standard deviation, that is usually unknown.

Proportion

In statistics, a proportion refers to the fraction of the total that exhibits a certain trait or characteristic.