The Conditions That Must Be Satisfied Before Making Causal Inferences

question 25

Multiple Choice

The conditions that must be satisfied before making causal inferences include all of the following except ________.

• A) concomitant variation
• B) time order of occurrence of variables
• C) role of evidence
• D) elimination of other possible factors

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Definitions:

Highest Occupied

Refers to the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO), which is the top-most energy molecular orbital that is occupied by electrons in a molecule under the ground state.

π MO

Pi molecular orbitals are formed by the overlap of p orbitals that are oriented parallel to each other, playing a key role in the bonding of molecules with conjugated systems.

1,3-Butadiene

A basic conjugated diene having the chemical structure C4H6, utilized as a monomer for synthesizing synthetic rubber.

Stepwise Mechanism

A reaction mechanism in chemistry that occurs through multiple discrete steps, each with its own transition state and intermediates.