A Patient with Severe Esophageal Spasms Is Diagnosed with Achalasia

question 2

Multiple Choice

A patient with severe esophageal spasms is diagnosed with achalasia. For which surgical procedures should the nurse prepare teaching for this patient?

• A) esophagectomy
• B) gastric resection
• C) laparoscopic myotomy
• D) balloon dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter
• E) endoscopically guided injection of botulinum toxin

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Definitions:

Neurotransmitters

Chemical substances in the nervous system that transmit signals between neurons or from neurons to muscles, affecting various bodily functions and behaviors.

Prolactin

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production in breastfeeding mothers and affects various other bodily functions.

Milk Production

The biological process by which mammals produce milk to feed their young, involving hormonal changes and the activation of mammary glands.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical substances that transmit signals across a chemical synapse from one neuron (nerve cell) to another target neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.