Differences Between the Counting Abilities of Preschoolers in China and North

question 75

Multiple Choice

Differences between the counting abilities of preschoolers in China and North America appear to indicate that:

• A) differences in language can affect the rate of development of the ability to count.
• B) differences in the ability to count to 10 are apparent at age 3 years.
• C) Chinese children do not show superior counting ability for numbers lower than 30.
• D) all of these statements are true.

Determine minimum required sample sizes to meet specified margin of error criteria.

Perform hypothesis testing on population proportions.

Interpret confidence intervals and their widths in different scenarios.

Understand the concept and application of hypothesis testing with P-values.

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Definitions:

Effort Justification

A psychological phenomenon where individuals rationalize the effort they put into a task by increasing their valuation of the outcome.

Minimal Deterrence

A strategy in international relations aimed at preventing undesirable actions by other states, using the least force or threat possible.

Overjustification

The phenomenon where providing an extrinsic reward for behavior that was previously intrinsically rewarding can lead to a reduction in intrinsic motivation.

Cognitive Dissonance

A psychological state of discomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes, leading to motivation for change.