Which of the Following Best Describes What Is Meant by the "Subtractive

question 28

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes what is meant by the "subtractive rule" of inference?

• A) Situational expectancies lessen the degree to which a behavior is inferred as indicating a dispositional trait
• B) Antisocial behaviors are weighted more heavily than prosocial behaviors, and so an antisocial action greatly decreases estimations of the target's character
• C) Ambiguous situations lessen the extent to which a person is able to determine causality
• D) None of the above

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Definitions:

Negative Attributions

The tendency to explain one's own or others' behaviors with negative causes, often leading to blame and a pessimistic outlook.

Western Individualism

A cultural value commonly found in Western societies that emphasizes individual freedom, self-expression, and personal independence over collective goals.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A psychological disorder characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are disproportionate to the situation and developmentally inappropriate.

State-dependent Memory

The phenomenon whereby information learned in a particular state of mind or environment is more easily recalled when in the same state.