The Amount of Raw Material in the Universe-The Amount of Sand

question 9

Multiple Choice

The amount of raw material in the universe-the amount of sand, oil, and the number of atoms of carbon, oxygen, etc.-is ________. The number of ways of arranging and using these raw materials is ________.

• A) finite; also finite
• B) infinite; virtually infinite
• C) finite; virtually infinite
• D) virtually infinite; zero
• E) zero; infinite

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Definitions:

Stimulus-Response Association

The link established between a specific stimulus and a particular response through conditioning.

Extinction

In behavioral psychology, the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response, typically as a result of the withdrawal of reinforcement.

Generalization

A concept in psychology and logic that involves the process of extracting common characteristics from specific examples and applying them to broader contexts.

Operant Conditioning

An educational method where behavior is shaped by either rewarding or penalizing the subject.