The discount rate must be specified in advance for which of the following methods? 
Definitions:
Operating Income
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is a company's profit from normal operations, excluding non-operating income and expenses.
Return on Investment
A financial metric used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment, calculated as the net gain or loss on the investment relative to the cost of the investment.
Investment Center
A division or unit within an organization that is directly responsible for generating its own revenue as well as controlling its costs, and therefore, its profits.
Authority
The ability or entitlement to dictate actions, decide on matters, and demand adherence.
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