A shift from S1 to S2 reflects the change that happens when a negative externality is taken into account. A shift from D1 to D2 reflects the change that happens when a positive externality is taken into account.
-Refer to the above figures. A positive externality exists that has not been corrected. Price and quantity will be
Definitions:
Selection Bias
The bias that results from the way in which observations are selected for analysis, leading to results that are not representative of the population being studied.
Random Walk
Describes the notion that stock price changes are random and unpredictable.
Submartingale
A type of stochastic process where the conditional expected future value of the process is at least equal to the present value.
Expected Price
The forecasted price of an asset, based on current information and analysis.
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