Use I = Increase, D = Decrease, or N =

question 109

Essay

Use I = Increase, D = Decrease, or N = No effect, to indicate the effect on retained earnings for each of the listed transactions.
____ A net loss for the year.
____ A stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend.
____ A stock split in which the par per share is reduced (but not effected in the form of a stock dividend).
____ Declaration of a 5% stock dividend.
____ Declaration of a cash dividend.
____ Issue stock for noncash assets.
____ Payment of previously declared cash dividend.
____ Retirement of common stock at a cost greater than the original issue price.
____ Retirement of common stock at a cost less than the original issue price.
____ Resale of treasury stock for less than carrying value assuming no previous treasury stock sales.

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Definitions:

Year 2

Refers to the second year of a time-related context or sequence, not a standalone key term without additional context.

Contribution Margin

The amount of revenue remaining after subtracting variable costs, indicating how much contributes towards covering fixed costs and generating profit.

Per Unit

Refers to expressing costs, revenues, or other financial metrics on a per-unit basis to provide a standardized measure.

Absorption Costing

An accounting method that includes all manufacturing costs, both variable and fixed, in the cost of a product, and is used for external reporting purposes.