Answer the Following Questions

question 66

Multiple Choice

Answer the following questions:
-Duma

• A)The guerrilla army of Giuseppe Garibaldi, who invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to liberate it, winning the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry.
• B)An American law enacted during the Civil War that gave western land to settlers, reinforcing the concept of free labor in a market economy.
• C)A conflict fought between 1853 and 1856 over Russian desires to expand into Ottoman territory; Russia was defeated by France, Britain, and the Ottomans, underscoring the need for reform in the Russian Empire.
• D)A movement dedicated to building a Jewish national homeland in Palestine, started by Theodor Herzl.
• E)A massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905, triggering a revolution that overturned absolute tsarist rule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy.
• F)A German working-class political party founded in the 1870s that championed Marxism but in practice turned away from Marxist revolution and worked instead for social and workplace reforms in the German parliament.
• G)The popularly elected lower house of government of the new German Empire after 1871.
• H)Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church within Germany from 1870 to 1878, resulting from Pius IX's declaration of papal infallibility.
• I)A divisive case in which Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic Church sided with the anti-Semites against Dreyfus; after Dreyfus was declared innocent, the French government severed all ties between the state and the church.
• J)A bill proposed after the Liberal Party came to power in Britain in 1906, it was designed to increase spending on social welfare services but was initially vetoed in the House of Lords.
• K)An effort by moderate socialists to update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realities of the time.
• L)The Russian parliament that opened in 1906, elected indirectly by universal male suffrage but controlled after 1907 by the tsar and the conservative classes.
• M)A set of reforms designed to remake the Ottoman Empire on a western European model.
• N)Fervent patriots who seized power in a 1908 coup in the Ottoman Empire, forcing the conservative sultan to implement reforms.

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Definitions:

Piaget

Swiss psychologist known for his pioneering work in child development, particularly regarding cognitive development and the stages of learning in children.

Formal Operational

The stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development during which individuals develop the ability to think abstractly and reason logically.

Concrete Operational

The concrete operational stage is a phase in Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development where children aged 7 to 11 years develop logical thinking but are still mostly focused on concrete objects and situations.

Preoperational Stage

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.