Answer the Following Questions

question 75

Multiple Choice

Answer the following questions:
-Marxism

• A)A meeting of the Quadruple Alliance-Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain-and restoration France to fashion a general peace settlement that began after the defeat of Napoleon's France in 1814.
• B)The principal ideas of this movement were equality and liberty; advocates demanded representative government and equality before the law as well as individual freedoms such as freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of worship, and freedom from arbitrary arrest.
• C)The idea that each people had its own genius and specific identity that manifested itself especially in a common language and history and often led to the desire for an independent political state.
• D)A backlash against the emergence of individualism and the fragmentation of society and a move toward cooperation and a sense of community; the key ideas were economic planning, greater economic equality, and state regulation of property.
• E)An artistic movement at its height from about 1790 to the 1840s that was in part a revolt against classicism and the Enlightenment, characterized by a belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life.
• F)The army's violent suppression of a protest that took place at Saint Peter's Fields in Manchester in reaction to the revision of the Corn Laws.
• G)The result of four years of potato crop failure in the late 1840s in Ireland, a country that had grown dependent on potatoes as a dietary staple.
• H)An alliance formed by the conservative rulers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia in September of 1815 that became a symbol of the repression of liberal and revolutionary movements all over Europe.
• I)Issued in 1819, these decrees were designed to uphold Klemens von Metternich's conservatism, requiring the German states to root out subversive ideas and squelch any liberal organizations.
• J)The middle-class minority who owned the means of production and, according to Karl Marx, exploited the working-class proletariat.
• K)The industrial working class who, according to Marx, were unfairly exploited by the profit-seeking bourgeoisie.
• L)A liberal plan for German national unification that included the German-speaking parts of the Austrian Empire, put forth at the national parliament in 1848 but rejected by Austrian rulers.
• M)A doctrine of economic liberalism that calls for unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy.
• N)British laws governing the import and export of grain, which were revised in 1815 to prohibit the importation of foreign grain unless the price at home rose to improbable levels, thus benefiting the aristocracy but making food prices high for working people.
• O)A major British political reform that increased the number of male voters by about 50 percent and gave political representation to new industrial areas.
• P)An influential political program based on the socialist ideas of German radical Karl Marx, which called for a working-class revolution to overthrow capitalist society and establish a Communist state.

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Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Costs that do not change with the level of output or production, such as rent, salaries, and insurance payments.

Losing Money

Losing money describes a situation where an individual or business expends more money than is received over a certain period, resulting in financial loss.

Average Variable Cost

The sum of all costs that vary with output levels, divided by the total number of units produced.

Marginal Cost

The increase or decrease in total production cost when producing one additional unit of a good.