Answer the Following Questions

question 59

Multiple Choice

Answer the following questions:
-putting-out system

• A)The movement to fence in fields in order to farm more effectively, at the expense of poor peasants who relied on common fields for farming and pasture.
• B)A stage of industrial development in which rural workers used hand tools in their homes to manufacture goods on a large scale for sale in a market.
• C)The shift that occurred as families in northwestern Europe focused on earning wages instead of producing goods for household consumption; this reduced their economic self-sufficiency but increased their ability to purchase consumer goods.
• D)The forced migration of Africans across the Atlantic for slave labor on plantations and in other industries; the trade reached its peak in the eighteenth century and ultimately involved almost 12 million Africans.
• E)The eighteenth-century system of rural industry in which a merchant loaned raw materials to cottage workers, who processed them and returned the finished products to the merchant.
• F)A form of serfdom that allowed a planter or rancher to keep his workers or slaves in perpetual debt bondage by periodically advancing food, shelter, and a little money.
• G)A belief in free trade and competition based on Adam Smith's argument that "the invisible hand" of free competition would benefit all individuals, rich and poor.
• H)A series of English laws that controlled the import of goods to Britain and British colonies.
• I)The transformation of large numbers of small peasant farmers into landless rural wage earners.
• J)The treaty that ended the Seven Years' War in Europe and the colonies in 1763 and ratified British victory on all colonial fronts.
• K)The organization of artisanal production into trade-based associations, or guilds, each of which received a monopoly over its trade and the right to train apprentices and hire workers.

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Definitions:

Developing Countries

Nations with a lower level of material well-being, industrialization, and often a lower standard of living, focusing on economic growth and development.

Venture Philanthropy

An approach to charitable giving that applies the principles of venture capital financing to achieve philanthropic goals, focusing on results and efficiency.

Financial Support

Refers to funding provided to individuals, businesses, or organizations to assist with operational costs, projects, or specific needs, coming from various sources like loans, grants, investments, or subsidies.

Social Entrepreneurship

The practice of developing, funding, and implementing solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues through innovative business models.