In This Excerpt from the Sidereal Messenger (Evaluating the Evidence

question 51

Multiple Choice

In this excerpt from The Sidereal Messenger (Evaluating the Evidence 16.1) , Galileo wrote about constructing a telescope and using it to view the surface of the moon. ". . . from my observations of them [spots on the moon], often repeated, I have been led to that opinion which I have expressed, namely, that I feel sure that the surface of the moon is not perfectly smooth, free from inequalities and exactly spherical, as a large school of philosophers considers with regard to the moon and the other heavenly bodies, but that, on the contrary, it is full of inequalities, uneven, full of hollows and protuberances, just like the surface of the earth itself, which is varied everywhere by lofty mountains and deep valleys."
Galileo's observations led him to

• A)venerate the moon as an example of God's handiwork.
• B)decide that the moon was indeed smooth, free from inequalities, and exactly spherical.
• C)report that although he could see the moon more clearly than with his naked eye, he could not come to any conclusions about it.
• D)assert that the surface of the moon was similar to the surface of the earth.

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Definitions:

Ultimatum Game

A game in experimental economics in which two players decide how to divide a sum of money; the first player proposes a division, and the second player can accept or reject it, where rejection means neither player receives anything.

Neoclassical Economics

A framework in economics focusing on the determination of goods, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand, emphasizing rationality and marginal utility.

Sense of Fairness

An individual's perception of the balance and justice in social interactions and distribution of resources.

Dictator Game

A behavioral experiment that tests how fairly individuals act towards others when given the unilateral power to determine the distribution of a resource.