In Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Designs Are Preferred to Retrospective Designs

question 95

Multiple Choice

In longitudinal studies, prospective designs are preferred to retrospective designs because

• A) it is easier to follow subjects forward in time than backward in time.
• B) retrospective studies are limited by distorted memories.
• C) only prospective designs can rule out reverse causality.
• D) prospective designs can be conducted more quickly.

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Definitions:

Economic Losses

Financial deficits incurred by businesses, individuals, or governments due to economic downturns or adverse market conditions.

Marginal Cost

The change in total cost that arises when the quantity produced is incremented by one unit; essentially, the cost of producing one additional unit of a good.

Standby Customers

Customers who are available to purchase or subscribe to a service on an as-needed basis, often used in context with utilities or telecommunications.

Profit

The financial gain obtained when the revenue earned from business activities exceeds the expenses, costs, and taxes involved in sustaining the activity.