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question 112

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Define learning in psychological terms and differentiate between types of stimuli and responses in conditioning experiments.
Understand the contributions of major theorists to the development of learning theories, including Pavlov, Skinner, Watson, Thorndike, Bandura, and Rescorla.
Explain the process and applications of operant conditioning, including reinforcement and punishment mechanisms.
Recognize patterns of stimulus generalization and discrimination in classical conditioning.

Definitions:

Prefrontal Cortex

The front part of the frontal lobe of the brain, associated with decision making, problem-solving, cognitive behavior, and social behavior.

Amygdala

The amygdala is a brain structure involved in emotion regulation, emotional learning, and the formation of fear-related memories.

Hierarchy of Needs

A theoretical framework in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow, identifying different levels of human needs, from basic physical requirements to complex psychological growth, which motivate individual behavior.

Arousal Theory

Arousal Theory suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, with variations in this level driving behaviors towards achieving such balance.

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