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An Unpolarized Beam of Light Is Incident on a Group

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An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a group of three polarizing sheets that are lined up so that the characteristic direction of each is rotated by 45º clockwise with respect to the preceding sheet.The fraction of the incident intensity Io that is transmitted is


Definitions:

Independent

The state of being free from outside control or not influenced by others, often used in the context of research to describe variables not affected by others.

In-Group Bias

The tendency to favor individuals within our own group over those from outside groups.

Out-Group Bias

The tendency to have negative views or prejudices towards people who are perceived as belonging to a different group than one's own.

Discrimination

Unjust or prejudiced treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

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