A Surface Is So Constructed That, at All Points on the Surface

question 46

Multiple Choice

A surface is so constructed that, at all points on the surface, the vector points outward. Therefore, it can be said that

• A) the surface encloses a net positive charge.
• B) the surface encloses a net negative charge.
• C) the surface encloses no net charge.
• D) the surface vector \(\Delta\)S at all points on the surface is necessarily parallel to the electric field vector .
• E) the surface vector \(\Delta\)S at all points on the surface is necessarily perpendicular to the electric field vector .

---

Definitions:

Shortest Wavelength

Refers to the electromagnetic wave with the highest frequency and energy, which is typically part of the gamma rays in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Ultraviolet

A form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays, capable of causing chemical reactions and physical harm to living tissues.

Atomic Orbital

A mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom, indicating the probability of the electron’s presence at a particular location.

Photon

A particle of electromagnetic radiation; one quantum of radiant energy.