What Are Two Observations That, When Combined, Tell Us That $\Omega$

question 22

Essay

What are two observations that, when combined, tell us that the universe has $\Omega$ _mass + $\Omega$ _$\wedge$ = 1 and is flat?

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Definitions:

Retained Earnings

The portion of net income that is not distributed to shareholders but instead retained by the company to reinvest in its core business or to pay debt.

Treasury Stock

Shares that were once part of the outstanding stock but were bought back by the issuing company, reducing the amount of outstanding stock.

Preferred Stock

Preferred stock is a class of shares that offers dividends and ownership in a company but typically does not confer voting rights, with dividends received before common shareholders.

Par Value

The nominal or face value of a bond, share of stock, or coupon as indicated on a certificate or instrument.