Animals and Humans Learn Without Reinforcement

question 180

Multiple Choice

Animals and humans learn without reinforcement. They learn just by watching. This form of learning is called:

• A) shaping.
• B) modeling.
• C) operant conditioning.
• D) classical conditioning.

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Definitions:

Fixed Costs

Business expenses that remain constant regardless of the level of production or sales, such as rent, salaries, and insurance premiums.

Variable Costs

Expenses that change in proportion to the level of production or sales volume, such as raw materials or direct labor costs.

Profit

The financial gain obtained when the revenues generated from business activities exceed the expenses, costs, and taxes involved in sustaining the activities.

Fixed Costs

Expenses that do not change with the level of goods or services produced by a business, such as rent, salaries, and insurance.