The Characteristic Equation Of $A = \left( \begin{array} { c c } 2 & - 1 \\- 1 & 2\end{array} \right)$

question 37

Multiple Choice

The characteristic equation of $A = \left( \begin{array} { c c } 2 & - 1 \\- 1 & 2\end{array} \right)$ is

• A) \(\lambda ^ { 2 } - 1 = 0\)
• B) \(\lambda ^ { 2 } + 4 \lambda + 5 = 0\)
• C) \(\lambda ^ { 2 } - 4 \lambda + 5 = 0\)
• D) \(\lambda ^ { 2 } + 4 \lambda + 3 = 0\)
• E) \(\lambda ^ { 2 } - 4 \lambda + 3 = 0\)

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Definitions:

Tragedy of the Commons

A situation where individuals, acting independently according to their own self-interest, deplete or spoil shared resources, leading to long-term negative outcomes for the whole community.

Joint Action

Refers to the collaborative efforts or initiatives taken by groups or entities to achieve a common goal.

Common Resource

A type of good that is non-excludable and rivalrous, meaning it is difficult to prevent anyone from using it, but one person's use diminishes the quantity or quality available to others.

Total Surplus

The total combined benefit to society comprised of consumer and producer surplus in a market.