All of the Following Have Been Cited as Possible Explanations

question 4

Multiple Choice

All of the following have been cited as possible explanations for low achievement scores among American students, except:

• A) teachers do not spend enough time on basic instruction, and very little time is spent on writing.
• B) students do not take advanced courses when they are offered.
• C) parents do not encourage academic pursuits at home.
• D) students spend too much time involved in extracurricular activities.

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Definitions:

Abstinence

The deliberate avoidance of engaging in certain behaviors or consuming substances, especially those that are addictive or harmful.

Positive Outcome Expectancy

Positive outcome expectancy is the belief or anticipation that certain behaviors will lead to desirable results, often influencing decision-making and behavior in individuals.

Substance Use

Substance use involves the consumption of drugs, alcohol, or other substances, and can range from moderate use to dependency or addiction.

Relapse Rates

The frequency at which individuals who have recovered from a condition or addiction return to their previous state or behavior.