The Swim Bladders of Bony Fishes

question 27

Multiple Choice

The swim bladders of bony fishes

• A) evolved from lunglike sacs that supplemented the gills in respiration.
• B) are used for respiration in most contemporary species.
• C) are organs of buoyancy that help them control their depth in the water column.
• D) prevented them from existing in a marine environment.
• E) Both a and c

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Definitions:

Construct Validity

Evidence that a test measures a specific concept or trait. Construct validity includes an analysis of a test through one or more of the following methods: experimental design, factor analysis, convergence with other instruments, and/or discrimination with other measures.

Factor Analysis Validity

A statistical method used to examine whether a set of survey or test items correlates with underlying constructs, thereby validating the measure's theoretical assumptions.

Criterion-related Validity

The degree to which a test's outcomes correlate with other measures that assess similar constructs, determining how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another measure.

False Negative

A test result that incorrectly indicates the absence of a condition or attribute when it is actually present.