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What is the main reason that astrophysicists cannot calculate the evolution of galaxies exactly?
Significance Level
The significance level, often denoted by alpha (α), is the threshold chosen by the researcher to determine the statistical significance of an outcome; it's the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
Highly Significant
A term used in statistical analysis to denote results that vastly exceed the threshold for statistical significance, often suggesting a strong effect or association.
p < .001
p < .001 indicates that the probability of the observed data, or something more extreme, assuming the null hypothesis is true, is less than 0.1%, which is considered highly statistically significant.
Within-group Variability
The measure of how much individual observations in a single group differ from each other in a dataset.
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