The Literary Digest Poll of 1936 Failed Because of Which

question 32

Multiple Choice

The Literary Digest poll of 1936 failed because of which of the following problems?

• A)The sample was too small.
• B)The sample was too large.
• C)The sample was unrepresentative.
• D)The questions were poorly worded.
• E)The sample was too representative.

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Definitions:

Avoidance Learning

A process of operant conditioning where learning occurs through the avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus.

Classical Conditioning

The acquisition of knowledge that takes place by associating an external stimulus with a naturally existing stimulus, which triggers a deliberate response.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process in which the probability of a response is changed by its consequences, with behaviors being strengthened or weakened by reinforcements or punishments.

Fear Conditioning

A behavioral paradigm in which organisms learn to predict aversive events, showing that certain stimuli can be associated with fear responses.