When the Earth Catches Up to a Slower Moving Outer

question 9

Multiple Choice

When the Earth catches up to a slower moving outer planet and passes it like a faster runner overtaking a slower runner in an outside lane, the planet:

• A) exhibits retrograde motion
• B) slows down because it feels the Earth's gravitational pull
• C) decreases in brightness as it passes through the Earth's shadow
• D) moves into a more elliptical orbit
• E) exhibits prograde motion

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Definitions:

Punishment

An action that is taken to reduce the likelihood of a behavior recurring by applying an adverse stimulus or removing a positive stimulus following the behavior.

Reinforcement

In psychology, a process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the probability of a response or behavior it follows.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior and outcomes of others' actions rather than through direct experience.

Motor Reproduction

The process of imitating or reproducing a specific motor action or behavior, often a phase in observational learning.