In a Study of Cancer, It Was Observed That Higher

question 9

Multiple Choice

In a study of cancer, it was observed that higher levels of milk consumption were positively correlated with higher incidence of cancer. Instead of claiming that higher milk consumption directly leads to higher incidence of cancer, the researcher explained that this correlation was explained by increased longevity. This is an example of

• A) the third-variable problem.
• B) rater to rater reliability.
• C) reactive observations.
• D) a judgment study.

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Definitions:

Founding Fathers

The group of leaders who laid the foundational governance structures of the United States and were instrumental in the drafting of key documents such as the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.

Northwest Ordinance

An act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States passed in 1787 to create a structured settlement of the Northwest Territory and establish a precedent for the admission of future states.

Competitive Elections

Electoral contests where multiple candidates or parties have a realistic chance of winning, allowing for genuine political competition.

Political Participation

The ways in which individuals engage in activities aimed at influencing government policy or decision making.