In a Cross-Lagged Panel Design, Which Correlation Is Used to Infer

question 7

Multiple Choice

In a cross-lagged panel design, which correlation is used to infer a causal relationship?

• A) synchronous correlation
• B) causal correlation
• C) test-retest correlation
• D) cross-lagged correlation

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Definitions:

Instability

The state of being prone to change, variation, or unpredictability, often in a way that is difficult to control or manage.

Cycle

A sequence of events that repeat in a regular and predictable pattern over time.

Type Error

Mistakes made in statistical hypothesis testing, specifically Type I error (false positive) and Type II error (false negative).

Operator Downtime

The time period during which an operator or machine is not operational or producing, often due to maintenance, breakdowns, or setup changes.